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Domain reputation is a score that email providers assign to your sending domain based on the historical behavior of emails sent from that domain. Unlike IP reputation which can change when you switch email providers, domain reputation follows your brand everywhere. It is increasingly the primary factor email providers use to determine inbox placement.
Domain reputation is now more important than IP reputation for email deliverability. Since you cannot simply switch domains like you can switch IPs, maintaining good domain reputation is critical. A damaged domain reputation affects all your email communications across every platform and service you use. Major email providers increasingly rely on domain reputation because DKIM authentication ties messages to specific domains, making it a reliable indicator of sender trustworthiness. Building a strong domain reputation takes time but provides long-term deliverability benefits.
Email providers track the sending behavior associated with your domain name (the part after @ in your email address). They monitor engagement metrics like open rates and clicks, spam complaints, bounce rates, spam trap hits, and unsubscribe rates. Your domain reputation is tied to your DKIM signing domain and your From address domain. When you send an email, receiving servers check your domain's historical performance to predict whether your message is wanted. Google, Microsoft, and other major providers have shifted to domain-based reputation as the primary trust signal because it cannot be easily changed like IP addresses.
IP reputation is tied to the sending server's IP address and can change when you switch email providers. Domain reputation is tied to your domain name and follows you everywhere. While you can get a new IP, you cannot easily get a new domain without losing brand recognition. Email providers now prioritize domain reputation because it is a more stable indicator of sender behavior.
Google Postmaster Tools is the best free tool for checking domain reputation with Gmail users. It shows your domain reputation on a scale from Bad to High. For Microsoft, use Smart Network Data Services (SNDS). Third-party tools like MXToolbox and Sender Score can also provide insights, though they may use different metrics.
While technically possible, using a new domain to escape bad reputation is not recommended. New domains have no reputation and may be treated with suspicion. They require careful warming and take months to build trust. Additionally, changing domains means losing brand recognition and any existing positive reputation. It is usually better to fix the underlying issues and rebuild reputation on your existing domain.
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