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Email throttling is the practice of controlling the rate at which emails are sent to manage delivery speed and protect sender reputation. It involves limiting the number of emails sent per hour or day to avoid triggering ISP spam filters and rate limits. Proper throttling helps maintain high deliverability rates by preventing your sending IP from being flagged as a source of bulk or spam mail.
Email throttling is essential for maintaining sender reputation and deliverability. Sending too many emails too quickly can trigger ISP spam filters, resulting in your messages being blocked, deferred, or sent to spam folders. ISPs interpret sudden spikes in email volume as potential spam activity, especially from new or unestablished senders. Throttling demonstrates to ISPs that you are a legitimate sender following best practices. It also prevents overwhelming your own infrastructure and allows you to monitor delivery metrics in real-time, catching problems before they affect your entire campaign.
Email throttling works by regulating the volume and speed of outgoing emails based on ISP limits and your sender reputation. When you send emails, your email service provider or SMTP server queues messages and releases them at a controlled pace rather than all at once. Different ISPs have different rate limits—Gmail might accept more emails per hour than a smaller provider. Sophisticated throttling systems adjust sending rates dynamically based on real-time feedback like bounce rates, deferrals, and spam complaints. If an ISP signals congestion or rejects messages, the system automatically slows down to prevent further issues.
Email throttling is the practice of intentionally controlling your sending speed, while rate limiting is the restriction imposed by ISPs or ESPs. You implement throttling to stay within rate limits. When you hit a rate limit, your emails are deferred or rejected. Good throttling prevents you from ever reaching those limits.
Safe sending rates depend on your sender reputation, IP age, and target ISPs. New IPs should start at 50-100 emails per hour and gradually increase. Established senders with good reputation can often send thousands per hour. Monitor your bounce rates and deferrals—if they increase, slow down your sending.
Yes, throttling spreads your sends over a longer period, which means some recipients receive emails later than if you sent everything at once. However, this tradeoff is worthwhile because emails that arrive in the inbox later are far more valuable than emails that get blocked or sent to spam.
Generally, transactional emails should be sent immediately for good user experience. However, if you experience a sudden spike in transactional volume (like during a viral signup event), some throttling may be necessary to avoid triggering rate limits. Use a dedicated IP with established reputation for transactional emails to minimize this risk.
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